Facultative Lagoon

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Facultative Bacteria
Site: http://www.saturnnet.com/stewartent/webdoc201.htm |
Facultative bacteria are those that can grow with or without oxygen. Unfortunately, most of the bacteria implicated in foodborne illness are facultative in varying degrees. Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus are generally considered to be facultative bacteria.

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Aerobic -- like oxygen
Anaerobic -- no oxygen

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Clemson University:
Aerated Lagoon Technology:
| http://www.ces.clemson.edu/ees/rich/technotes |
| http://www.eng.clemson.edu/ees/rich/technotes/technote8.htm |
Algae: http://www.eng.clemson.edu/ees/rich/technotes/technote3.html |
As will be discussed in later notes, aeration in settling basin is a must, not only because of the mixing that is created, but also, for the maintenance of dissolved oxygen in the water column. Such maintenance reduces feed back of CBOD and nitrogen from the benthal deposits.

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Henderson: http://www.hp.on.ca/west.htm |

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Utah: http://www.nr.utah.gov/ |

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Manure Matters: http://manure.unl.edu/index.html |
Site: http://manure.unl.edu/v1n4_95.html |
Lagoon Size: http://manure.unl.edu/v2n12_96.html |

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EPA: http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/construc/cannon/9design.html |
Site: http://www.epa.gov/seahome/milk/src/facul.htm |
A facultative lagoon is one with characteristics that are typical of both aerobic and anaerobic lagoons. There may be enough dissolved oxygen in the first two feet of relatively clear water to support aerobic decomposition, but in the dark area near the bottom where no dissolved oxygen is available, the decomposition process is anaerobic.

Facultative biological organisms can function in either aerobic or anaerobic zones of the lagoon, but they are usually found in a somewhat stratified area between the two zones. As long as aerobic conditions prevail in the upper part of the lagoon, it should not have objectionable odors.

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Alabama: http://www.aces.edu/department/ |
| http://www.aces.edu/department/extcomm/publications/anr/ANR-1090/anr1090main.html |

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US Filter
Site: http://www.usfilter.com/water/CorporateInfo.asp?wid=280&GID=1495 |
Facultative Lagoon - A lagoon or pond in which stabilization of wastewater occurs as a result of aerobic, anaerobic and facultative bacteria.

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Koenders Pond Aeration Windmills | Electric Aerators |

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No Aeration in the pond

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Lots of Aeration in the pond | adding Oxygen to the water

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Koenders Pond Aeration Windmills | Electric Aerators |

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Koenders Electric Aerator:
Electric Operating Costs |
-- 1/4 Horse power Energy Efficient Motor
-- Maximum 2.5 amps | operates at 1.75 amps x 110 volts
-- Less than 0.40¢ per day | 365 days x .40¢ = $146.00 per year

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Pond Aeration: related page |
Where oxygen is really needed in a pond is at the bottom. Pond and lake bed aeration adds oxygen to all of the water, not only surface water, but to the water at the bottom as well. This is very important. Once the lake or pond is full of oxygen near the bottom, new insect larvae, snails, and other fish food can begin to live on the bottom.

By pumping compressed air out into the pond or lake bed aerator (from the electric aerator or windmill through an air line attached to an aeration stone), the rising air bubbles from the air stone bring bottom water to the surface where it is exposed to the atmosphere. Thus, large volumes of water brought up by the air bubbles lose bad gasses to the air, and pick up even more oxygen while on the surface (air contains 22% oxygen). Bacteria will breath oxygen if it is available. They like this new oxygen "banquet" in the water so well that they grow very fast, multiplying rapidly to gigantic numbers. Aeration speeds up this process of oxidizing or "burning up" the pollution in the water. Result: fresh, sparkling clear, sweet-smelling water which supports abundant fish life, free from excessive algae and weeds, and is available for live stock.